Best Water Softener for Bakersfield, CA — 17 Things to Know BEFORE You Buy!

Quick Facts About Water Quality in Bakersfield, CA
Water Hardness: 12.8 GPG — Extremely Hard
Key Contaminants: Chloramine, Nitrates, Arsenic
Recommended System: SoftPro Elite HE Water Softener
Best Grain Capacity: 48,000 grains for a 4-person household at 12.8 GPG
1. The Local Water Problem in Bakersfield, CA
Your Bakersfield water heater is dying 18 months earlier than it should. At 12.8 grains per gallon (GPG), Bakersfield delivers some of the hardest municipal water in California — a crushing mineral load that turns your home's plumbing into a slow-motion disaster zone.
To understand what 12.8 GPG means for your wallet, think of your water system like a savings account running in reverse. Every gallon that flows through your pipes deposits calcium and magnesium like compound interest — except instead of earning money, you're accumulating damage. In soft-water cities, homeowners might see minor scale after years. In Bakersfield, that same destructive buildup happens in months.
Bakersfield's water originates primarily from the Kern River and groundwater wells throughout the San Joaquin Valley. The geological foundation beneath Bakersfield — limestone, gypsum, and ancient seabed deposits — leaches massive quantities of dissolved minerals into every drop. This creates what water professionals classify as "extremely hard" water, the most severe category on the hardness scale.
For Bakersfield homeowners, 12.8 GPG hardness translates to immediate financial consequences. Your 40-gallon water heater loses 35-45% of its heating efficiency within the first 18 months. Your dishwasher's heating element gets coated in rock-hard calcium carbonate. Your washing machine's internal components corrode faster under the mineral assault. Even your morning coffee tastes off because dissolved calcium interferes with extraction.
The stakes go beyond appliance replacement costs. Bakersfield's extremely hard water forces families to use 3-4 times more soap and detergent just to achieve basic cleaning. Shower glass develops permanent etching. White clothing turns gray and stiff. Skin feels tight and itchy after every shower because calcium ions strip away natural moisture.
This isn't a minor inconvenience — it's a $2,000-$4,000 annual "hard water tax" that hits every Bakersfield household whether they realize it or not.
2. What 12.8 GPG Does to Your Home
At 12.8 GPG, calcium carbonate accumulates inside your water heater like concrete setting around the heating elements. Every time your water heater cycles on, dissolved calcium and magnesium crystallize onto hot metal surfaces. Within 12-15 months, a Bakersfield water heater typically shows 30-40% efficiency loss — meaning your energy bills climb while your hot water performance plummets.
The calcite crystallization process accelerates dramatically above 10 GPG. When water reaches 140°F inside your tank, calcium and magnesium ions bond instantly to heating elements, forming concentric mineral rings that act like insulation barriers. Your heating element works harder and harder to push heat through thickening scale deposits until it burns out entirely.
Bakersfield's older neighborhoods, particularly those built before 1980, face compounded damage because galvanized steel pipes react more aggressively with extremely hard water. At 12.8 GPG, galvanized pipes develop measurable diameter reduction within 3-4 years. The mineral deposits don't just coat the interior — they create rough surfaces that trap bacteria and reduce water pressure throughout your home.
Appliance manufacturers recognize Bakersfield's water challenge explicitly. Tankless water heater warranties from Rinnai, Navien, and Rheem require water softener installation in areas exceeding 7 GPG — Bakersfield's 12.8 GPG makes softening mandatory, not optional. Without ion exchange treatment, mineral buildup clogs the narrow heat exchanger passages in tankless units within 6-8 months.
The soap scum problem reaches expensive levels at 12.8 GPG. Calcium and magnesium ions chemically react with soap molecules to form sticky precipitate instead of cleansing lather. Bakersfield families typically use 250-300% more laundry detergent, dish soap, and shampoo compared to soft-water households. This compounds into $400-600 annually in wasted cleaning products.
Your skin and hair bear the brunt of Bakersfield's mineral load daily. Calcium ions penetrate skin pores and strip away natural oils, while magnesium deposits coat hair shafts with an invisible mineral film. Dermatologists in Kern County report higher rates of eczema, dry skin conditions, and scalp irritation directly correlated with extremely hard municipal water.
Laundry damage becomes visible within weeks at 12.8 GPG. Mineral deposits embed in fabric fibers, turning white clothes permanently gray and making all textiles feel scratchy and stiff. The calcium buildup is irreversible — once mineral ions bond to cotton and synthetic fibers, no amount of rewashing removes them.
Glass surfaces throughout Bakersfield homes develop permanent etching damage. When hard water droplets evaporate on shower doors, windows, or dishware, they leave behind concentrated mineral deposits that chemically etch into glass surfaces. This etching cannot be reversed with cleaning — the glass is physically damaged at the molecular level.
For a typical 4-person household in Bakersfield, the combined "hard water tax" — including energy waste, soap overconsumption, appliance depreciation, and premature replacement costs — ranges from $2,800 to $4,200 annually.
3. Bakersfield's Specific Contaminant Profile
Beyond the crushing 12.8 GPG hardness baseline, Bakersfield residents contend with chloramine disinfection, agricultural nitrate contamination, and naturally occurring arsenic — each of which compounds the mineral damage in distinct ways.
Chloramine in Bakersfield's Water
Bakersfield Public Works switched from chlorine to chloramine disinfection in 2018 to meet stricter disinfection byproduct regulations. Chloramine provides more stable disinfection through the distribution system, but it creates a persistent "band-aid" or medicinal odor that standard carbon filters cannot remove. Unlike chlorine, which dissipates when water sits exposed to air, chloramine remains chemically active until it reaches your tap.
At 12.8 GPG hardness, chloramine interactions become more problematic. Calcium and magnesium scale deposits provide surface area where chloramine can react with organic materials in your plumbing, potentially forming additional disinfection byproducts. The combination also accelerates corrosion of rubber gaskets, O-rings, and flexible connectors throughout your plumbing system.
Bakersfield residents notice chloramine most acutely in enclosed spaces — the shower, dishwasher steam, or when filling large containers. The odor intensifies during summer months when water temperatures rise and chloramine becomes more volatile. Standard water softeners do not remove chloramine, requiring a dedicated catalytic carbon filter for complete removal.
Nitrates from Agricultural Runoff
Kern County's intensive agriculture contributes measurable nitrate levels to Bakersfield's groundwater sources. Nitrogen fertilizers applied to cotton, almond, and citrus crops throughout the San Joaquin Valley eventually percolate into the aquifers that supply municipal wells. Nitrate levels fluctuate seasonally, typically peaking 3-4 months after major fertilizer application periods.
The EPA maximum contaminant level for nitrates is 10 mg/L, primarily to protect infants under 6 months from methemoglobinemia (blue baby syndrome). Bakersfield's nitrate levels generally remain below this threshold, but pregnant women and families with infants should be aware that water softeners do NOT remove nitrates. Ion exchange resin targets calcium and magnesium specifically — nitrate removal requires reverse osmosis or specialized anion exchange media.
Nitrates in combination with 12.8 GPG hardness create no direct chemical interaction, but they do compound water treatment complexity. Bakersfield households concerned about nitrate exposure need both a whole-house softener for mineral removal and a point-of-use reverse osmosis system at the kitchen sink for nitrate reduction.
Arsenic from Natural Geological Sources
Arsenic occurs naturally in groundwater throughout the Central Valley due to geological formations containing arsenic-bearing minerals. When groundwater passes through sedimentary rock layers beneath Bakersfield, naturally occurring arsenic dissolves into the water supply at trace levels. The EPA maximum contaminant level is 10 parts per billion (ppb), and Bakersfield's levels typically remain well below this regulatory threshold.
Arsenic presents a long-term health consideration at elevated levels, but Bakersfield's concentrations generally pose minimal risk. However, arsenic removal requires specialized treatment — water softeners using standard cation exchange resin cannot remove arsenic compounds. Residents with specific arsenic concerns should install NSF/ANSI 58-certified reverse osmosis systems at drinking water taps.
The interaction between arsenic and hard water is primarily operational rather than chemical. At 12.8 GPG, mineral scale buildup can reduce the effectiveness of arsenic removal media by creating preferential flow channels and reducing contact time. This makes pre-softening beneficial for any downstream arsenic treatment systems.
4. Why Most Bakersfield Homeowners Pick the Wrong Softener
Every month, Bakersfield homeowners waste thousands of dollars on undersized water softeners that fail within weeks of installation. The mistakes are predictable, expensive, and completely avoidable with the right information.
Mistake 1 — Buying on Price Alone
A $400 hardware store softener that works adequately in Sacramento's 3 GPG water will collapse under Bakersfield's 12.8 GPG demand within days. The resin bed exhausts 4 times faster at extremely hard levels, forcing constant regeneration cycles that waste salt and leave you with breakthrough hardness during peak usage. Cheap units lack the grain capacity to buffer high-mineral water effectively.
At 12.8 GPG, a 24,000-grain capacity system — adequate for most moderate hardness areas — will exhaust its resin in 36-48 hours for a typical Bakersfield family. You'll experience hard water breakthrough every few days, defeating the entire purpose of softening.
Mistake 2 — Confusing Softeners with Filters
Water softeners use ion exchange to remove calcium and magnesium specifically. They do NOT remove chloramine, nitrates, or arsenic present in Bakersfield's water supply. Residents who expect comprehensive contaminant removal from a softener alone end up frustrated when medicinal odors, agricultural chemicals, and trace metals remain untreated.
Bakersfield households dealing with both 12.8 GPG hardness and chloramine odor need a two-stage approach: ion exchange softening followed by catalytic carbon filtration. Attempting to solve multiple water quality issues with a single unit leads to compromised performance across all treatment goals.
Mistake 3 — Ignoring Grain Capacity Math
The sizing formula is straightforward, but Bakersfield's extreme hardness makes precision critical:
[People] × 75 gallons/day × 12.8 GPG = daily grain demand
A 4-person Bakersfield household requires: 4 × 75 × 12.8 = 3,840 grains daily. Over 7 days, that's 26,880 grains of capacity. Adding a 20% buffer for high-usage days brings the requirement to 32,256 grains minimum.
Most homeowners underestimate this calculation and end up with units that regenerate every 2-3 days instead of the optimal 5-7 day cycle. Frequent regeneration wastes salt, increases wear on mechanical components, and risks hardness breakthrough during extended usage periods.
Mistake 4 — Overlooking Salt Efficiency
At 12.8 GPG, your softener regenerates 50-60 times per year compared to 20-30 times in moderate hardness areas. An inefficient system using 18-20 pounds of salt per regeneration costs $200-300 more annually than a high-efficiency unit using 8-12 pounds per cycle. Over the system's 10-year lifespan, this compounds into $2,000-3,000 in unnecessary salt expenses for Bakersfield families.
5. What to Do Next
Test your current water hardness with a TDS meter or test strips to confirm Bakersfield's 12.8 GPG is affecting your specific address. Some neighborhoods served by different well sources may show slight variations. Collect water from a cold tap that hasn't been used for 30 minutes to get an accurate baseline reading.
Inspect your current water heater for scale buildup by checking the temperature relief valve and any visible heating elements. White, chalky deposits or reduced hot water recovery time indicate mineral damage is already occurring. Document appliance ages and performance issues to calculate your current hard water costs accurately.
Research local plumbing codes and permit requirements through Kern County's building department. Bakersfield requires permits for major plumbing modifications, and some HOAs have specific guidelines for water treatment equipment placement.
6. The SoftPro Elite HE: Built for Bakersfield's Water
After evaluating Bakersfield's water hardness of 12.8 GPG and the presence of chloramine, nitrates, and arsenic in the local supply, one system consistently rises to the top for Bakersfield homeowners: the SoftPro Elite HE Water Softener.
This recommendation isn't based on marketing claims — it's anchored to the specific demands that Bakersfield's extreme water hardness places on residential treatment equipment. Every feature of the SoftPro Elite HE directly addresses the operational challenges of sustained 12.8 GPG performance.
Salt-Based Ion Exchange for Extreme Hardness
Salt-free "conditioners" and template-assisted crystallization systems cannot handle Bakersfield's mineral load. These alternative technologies only attempt to change calcium carbonate crystal structure — they do not remove hardness minerals from the water. At 12.8 GPG, physical mineral removal through cation exchange resin is the only proven method that delivers genuinely soft water.
The SoftPro Elite HE uses high-capacity strong acid cation resin that physically replaces calcium and magnesium ions with sodium ions. This chemical exchange process removes hardness minerals completely, reducing Bakersfield's 12.8 GPG to under 1 GPG throughout your home. No other residential technology can achieve this level of hardness reduction reliably.
Demand-Initiated Regeneration (DIR) Technology
At 12.8 GPG, resin beds exhaust faster than in moderate hardness cities, making regeneration timing critical. The SoftPro's DIR system monitors actual water usage and resin capacity, triggering regeneration only when the media approaches exhaustion. This prevents hard water breakthrough during high-demand periods while avoiding wasteful over-regeneration.
Traditional timer-based systems regenerate on fixed schedules regardless of actual usage, leading to salt waste during low-demand periods and hardness breakthrough during peak consumption. For Bakersfield households managing 12.8 GPG input water, DIR technology is operationally essential, not just convenient.
NSF/ANSI Standard 44 Certified Performance
NSF/ANSI 44 certification verifies that the resin meets strict performance standards for hardness reduction and materials safety testing. For Bakersfield residents already managing chloramine, nitrates, and arsenic in their water supply, knowing the softening process itself doesn't introduce additional contaminants is critical. Uncertified resin can leach impurities or fail to perform at rated capacity.
The certification process includes testing at various hardness levels, including extreme conditions that mirror Bakersfield's 12.8 GPG challenge. Systems that earn NSF 44 certification prove they can sustain performance under high-mineral stress over extended periods.
Multiple Grain Capacity Options
The SoftPro Elite HE offers 32K, 48K, 64K, and 80K grain capacity configurations, allowing precise sizing for Bakersfield households. A typical 4-person family at 12.8 GPG requires 48,000 grains minimum, while larger households or those with high water usage should consider 64K or 80K units.
Proper capacity sizing ensures regeneration cycles occur every 5-7 days at optimal efficiency. Undersized units regenerate too frequently, wasting salt and increasing mechanical wear, while oversized units hold water too long and may develop bacterial growth issues.
10-Year Comprehensive Warranty
Bakersfield's extreme hardness subjects softener components to accelerated wear compared to moderate hardness environments. The SoftPro's 10-year warranty provides comprehensive coverage during the period of highest mineral stress, protecting your investment when resin degradation and mechanical failures are most likely to occur.
The warranty covers resin replacement, control valve repairs, and tank integrity — critical components that face daily assault from 12.8 GPG mineral loading. Lesser warranties often exclude resin or limit coverage to 3-5 years, leaving Bakersfield homeowners exposed during the system's most vulnerable operational period.
Compatibility with Pre-Filtration Systems
The SoftPro Elite HE integrates seamlessly with upstream chloramine removal systems that Bakersfield households require. Catalytic carbon filters for chloramine treatment can be installed ahead of the softener without affecting ion exchange performance or voiding warranty coverage. This allows comprehensive treatment of both hardness and chemical contaminants in a coordinated system design.
For households concerned about nitrates or arsenic, point-of-use reverse osmosis systems work effectively downstream of the SoftPro. Soft water actually improves RO membrane performance and extends filter life by eliminating mineral fouling and scaling.
For Bakersfield households dealing with 12.8 GPG of water hardness and the compounding presence of chloramine, nitrates, and arsenic, the SoftPro Elite HE is not a comfort upgrade — it is infrastructure protection for your home.
7. Homeowner Checklist
Calculate your exact grain capacity needs using Bakersfield's 12.8 GPG and your household size. Don't guess — the math determines whether your investment succeeds or fails. Add 20% buffer capacity for guests, seasonal usage spikes, and system longevity.
Verify installation space requirements: 4 feet of clearance above the unit, level surface, proximity to electrical outlet, and drain access for regeneration discharge. Measure twice, order once — returns are expensive for water treatment equipment.
Research local water treatment contractors with specific experience installing softeners in extremely hard water areas. Bakersfield's 12.8 GPG demands precise installation techniques that generic plumbers may not understand. Ask for references from other Kern County customers dealing with similar hardness levels.
Plan for chloramine removal if odor concerns exist. A catalytic carbon whole-house filter upstream of the softener addresses medicinal taste and smell while protecting your investment from chemical degradation.
8. How to Size Your Softener for Bakersfield
Accurate sizing prevents the most common and expensive softener failures in extremely hard water areas. Follow this step-by-step calculation specifically calibrated to Bakersfield's 12.8 GPG:
Step 1: Count household members (include regular guests who stay multiple days per month)
Step 2: Multiply by 75 gallons per person per day (California average with water-efficient fixtures)
Step 3: Multiply household gallons × 12.8 GPG = daily grain demand
Step 4: Multiply daily grains × 7 days = weekly grain demand
Step 5: Add 20% buffer for high-usage days, guests, and system longevity
Step 6: Match to SoftPro Elite HE grain tier (32K / 48K / 64K / 80K)
Example for 4-person Bakersfield household:
4 people × 75 gallons × 12.8 GPG = 3,840 grains daily
3,840 × 7 days = 26,880 grains weekly
26,880 + 20% buffer = 32,256 grains needed
Recommendation: 48K grain capacity for optimal 5-7 day regeneration cycle
Regenerating every 5-7 days maximizes salt efficiency and resin life while ensuring consistent soft water delivery. More frequent regeneration wastes salt and accelerates mechanical wear, while less frequent regeneration risks hardness breakthrough during peak demand periods.
9. Recommended Setup for Bakersfield
Install the SoftPro Elite HE immediately after your main water shutoff valve and before the water heater to protect all fixtures and appliances. Position the bypass valve for easy access during maintenance or emergency situations.
For comprehensive Bakersfield water treatment, consider this staged approach:
Stage 1: Catalytic carbon whole-house filter for chloramine removal (if odor concerns exist)
Stage 2: SoftPro Elite HE 48K for hardness removal
Stage 3: Point-of-use reverse osmosis at kitchen sink for nitrate/arsenic reduction
Use evaporated salt pellets exclusively at 12.8 GPG — the highest purity grade prevents brine tank residue buildup that can damage regeneration cycles. Solar salt crystals contain too many impurities for sustained extremely hard water operation.
10. Installation in Bakersfield: What to Know
Kern County requires permits for major plumbing modifications, including water softener installation that involves new drain connections or electrical work. Contact the Building and Safety Department at (661) 862-5100 to verify requirements for your specific installation scope.
Install the SoftPro after your main shutoff valve but before the water heater — this protects all downstream fixtures while allowing bypass during maintenance. The system requires a drain line for regeneration discharge, typically connecting to a laundry sink, floor drain, or dedicated standpipe. Local code may restrict discharge methods in septic system areas.
Bakersfield's municipal water pressure typically ranges from 45-65 PSI, well within the SoftPro Elite HE's operating range of 20-80 PSI. Higher-elevation neighborhoods in the northeast may experience lower pressure during peak demand periods, but this rarely affects softener performance.
At 12.8 GPG consumption rate, use evaporated salt pellets exclusively for maximum purity and minimal brine tank maintenance. Plan to add 40-50 pounds of salt monthly for a 48K system serving a 4-person household. Solar crystals contain excessive impurities that accelerate resin fouling at extreme hardness levels.
Check salt levels monthly during the first 90 days to establish your household's consumption pattern. Bakersfield's extreme hardness creates higher salt usage than manufacturer estimates based on national averages. Keep the brine tank 1/3 full but never allow salt to completely dissolve below the water line.
11. Maintenance Schedule for Bakersfield Homeowners
Bakersfield's 12.8 GPG hardness demands more frequent maintenance than moderate hardness areas. Follow this schedule to maximize system performance and longevity:
Monthly Tasks:
• Check salt level (consumption is high at 12.8 GPG — expect 40-50 lbs monthly)
• Inspect for salt bridges — hard crusts that block regeneration
• Verify bypass valve remains in service position
• Test post-softener water with hardness strips — should read under 1 GPG
Every 3 Months:
• Clean brine tank interior and check for salt mushing
• Inspect drain line for mineral buildup or blockage
• Verify regeneration cycle timing matches usage patterns
• Document salt consumption trends
Every 6 Months:
• Full brine tank cleaning and sanitization
• Check all plumbing connections for mineral deposits
• Test regeneration cycle completion (listen for cycle stages)
• Inspect pre-filter if installed for chloramine treatment
Annual Tasks:
• Professional resin bed performance evaluation
• Control valve calibration check
• Complete system sanitization
• Review salt efficiency and adjust regeneration frequency if needed
Every 3-5 Years:
• Resin replacement evaluation — 12.8 GPG accelerates resin degradation
• Internal component inspection and replacement as needed
• Recalibrate system for any changes in household water usage
Bakersfield residents should establish baseline performance measurements immediately after installation and retest every 6 months to track system degradation under extreme hardness conditions.
12. 30-Day Action Plan
Week 1: Test current water hardness, document appliance conditions, calculate sizing requirements using the 12.8 GPG formula, and research installation space requirements.
Week 2: Contact 3 local water treatment contractors for installation quotes, verify permit requirements with Kern County, and order water test kit to confirm baseline contaminant levels.
Week 3: Select contractor, finalize system configuration (capacity, pre-filtration, point-of-use options), and schedule installation date allowing for permit approval time.
Week 4: Complete installation, document initial performance, establish salt usage baseline, and schedule first maintenance check for 30 days post-installation.
13. Is Bakersfield's water at 12.8 GPG dangerous to drink?
Bakersfield's 12.8 GPG hardness is not dangerous to drink — the EPA classifies calcium and magnesium as essential minerals with no maximum contaminant level. However, extremely hard water creates significant property damage, appliance failure, and increased household expenses that justify treatment for economic reasons.
The health concerns in Bakersfield relate to chloramine disinfection, nitrate contamination from agriculture, and naturally occurring arsenic — not the hardness minerals themselves. These contaminants require separate treatment beyond water softening.
14. Will a water softener remove chloramine from Bakersfield's water?
No, standard ion exchange water softeners do not remove chloramine from Bakersfield's municipal supply. Softener resin targets calcium and magnesium specifically — chloramine removal requires catalytic carbon filtration installed upstream of the softening system.
Bakersfield households experiencing medicinal odor or taste should install a dedicated catalytic carbon whole-house filter before the SoftPro Elite HE. Standard activated carbon filters cannot remove chloramine effectively — only catalytic carbon media breaks the chlorine-ammonia bond.
15. How much salt will I use per month in Bakersfield at 12.8 GPG?
A typical 4-person Bakersfield household with a 48K grain SoftPro Elite HE will consume 40-50 pounds of salt monthly. This calculation is based on regenerating every 5-7 days using 8-12 pounds of evaporated salt pellets per cycle.
At current Bakersfield salt prices ($6-8 per 40-lb bag), expect $8-12 monthly operating costs for salt. This is 60-80% higher than moderate hardness areas but still represents massive savings compared to the $200-350 monthly "hard water tax" from appliance damage, energy waste, and soap overconsumption.
16. Does Bakersfield require a permit to install a water softener?
Kern County requires permits for plumbing modifications involving new drain connections, electrical work, or alterations to the main water service line. Simple softener replacement using existing connections typically doesn't require permits, but new installations usually do.
Contact Bakersfield's Building and Safety Department at (661) 326-3774 before installation to verify requirements for your specific project scope. Some HOAs in newer Bakersfield developments also have architectural guidelines for exterior equipment placement.
17. Why does soft water feel slippery in the shower after installing a softener?
Soft water feels slippery because your skin can actually get clean for the first time in years. Bakersfield's 12.8 GPG hard water deposits calcium and magnesium ions on your skin, creating a mineral film that soap cannot penetrate effectively.
After softener installation, soap works properly again, removing oils and residue that hard water prevented you from washing away. The "slippery" sensation is your natural skin oils without mineral interference — you're feeling truly clean skin, not soapy residue. Most Bakersfield residents adjust to this sensation within 1-2 weeks and report significantly improved skin and hair condition.
Final Verdict for Bakersfield
Bakersfield's hardness of 12.8 GPG demands professional-grade treatment that can sustain performance under extreme mineral stress. This isn't a water quality preference — it's essential infrastructure protection for every appliance, fixture, and pipe in your home.
Chloramine, nitrates, and arsenic compound the hardness problem by requiring specialized treatment that works effectively downstream of ion exchange softening. The SoftPro Elite HE handles Bakersfield's mineral assault through demand-initiated regeneration, high-capacity resin, and comprehensive warranty coverage during the critical high-stress operational period.
For Bakersfield households, the math is unambiguous: $2,000-4,000 annually in hard water damage versus $8-12 monthly in salt costs for comprehensive mineral removal. Check current SoftPro Elite HE pricing and available grain capacities for Bakersfield households ready to end their hard water damage cycle permanently.
In a city where the Kern River carved the landscape through millions of years of mineral dissolution, protecting your home's plumbing requires the same persistence and the right professional-grade equipment.











