Best Water Softener for Bakersfield, CA — 17 Things to Know BEFORE You Buy!

Quick Facts About Water Quality in Bakersfield, CA
Water Hardness: 12.8 GPG — Very Hard
Key Contaminants: Iron, Chlorine, Nitrates, Arsenic
Recommended System: SoftPro Elite HE Water Softener
Best Grain Capacity: 48,000 grains for a 4-person household at 12.8 GPG
1. The Local Water Problem in Bakersfield, CA
Last month, a Bakersfield homeowner discovered their three-year-old tankless water heater had lost 35% of its heating efficiency. The culprit wasn't age or poor maintenance — it was Bakersfield's relentlessly hard water at 12.8 grains per gallon (GPG), slowly choking the life out of every water-using appliance in Kern County homes.
To understand what 12.8 GPG means for your home, imagine your water as liquid sandpaper. Every gallon flowing through your pipes carries 12.8 grains of dissolved calcium and magnesium minerals. For perspective, water above 10.5 GPG is classified as "Very Hard" by water treatment standards — Bakersfield's 12.8 GPG puts local residents squarely in the danger zone for accelerated appliance damage and sky-high maintenance costs.
Bakersfield draws its municipal water primarily from the Kern River and deep groundwater wells throughout the Central Valley. These sources pick up massive mineral loads as they flow through limestone deposits and ancient lake beds. The geological reality of living in California's agricultural heartland means Bakersfield residents are dealing with some of the hardest water in the state — water that turns every shower, load of laundry, and coffee pot into a mineral deposition event.
The financial stakes are real for Bakersfield homeowners. At 12.8 GPG, the average household faces an estimated $2,400 annually in hard water costs — premature appliance replacement, doubled soap usage, energy waste from scale-clogged water heaters, and constant cleaning product purchases to battle mineral buildup. For families already managing California's high cost of living, this "hard water tax" represents a significant monthly expense that grows worse with each passing year.
2. What 12.8 GPG Does to Your Home
Bakersfield's 12.8 GPG hardness level triggers aggressive scale formation throughout your home's water system. When water containing this concentration of dissolved calcium and magnesium is heated — whether in your water heater, dishwasher, or washing machine — the minerals precipitate out and bond to metal surfaces in thick, concrete-like deposits.
Inside your water heater, 12.8 GPG creates what plumbers call "mineral armor" on heating elements and tank walls. At this hardness level, a standard 40-gallon electric water heater loses approximately 15-20% efficiency within the first 18 months of operation. The calcium carbonate scale acts as insulation, forcing heating elements to work harder and longer to achieve target temperatures. Bakersfield homeowners typically see their energy bills climb $30-50 monthly as scale accumulates — and that's before factoring in premature element failure.
Bakersfield's older neighborhoods, particularly those with galvanized steel pipes installed before 1970, face the most severe pipe narrowing issues. At 12.8 GPG, mineral deposits reduce pipe diameter by measurable amounts within 5-7 years. The calcium and magnesium form concentric rings inside pipes, gradually choking water flow and creating pressure drops that affect everything from shower performance to appliance operation.
Appliance manufacturers take Bakersfield's water hardness seriously — many tankless water heater warranties require proof of water softening installation for coverage validation. At 12.8 GPG, dishwashers typically last 6-8 years instead of the expected 10-12 years. Washing machines experience accelerated wear on pumps, valves, and heating elements, with average lifespans dropping from 12 years to 7-8 years in untreated Bakersfield water.
The soap scum problem at 12.8 GPG is particularly frustrating for Bakersfield families. Calcium and magnesium ions react with soap molecules to form insoluble precipitates — the grey film that coats shower doors, bathtubs, and skin. Instead of creating cleaning lather, soap combines with minerals to create more mess. Bakersfield households typically use 3-4 times more laundry detergent, dish soap, and shampoo compared to soft-water cities, adding approximately $400-600 annually to household cleaning costs.
Bakersfield residents frequently report dry, itchy skin and brittle hair — direct consequences of 12.8 GPG mineral exposure. Calcium ions strip natural moisture from skin and coat hair shafts with mineral deposits that resist conditioning treatments. Children and adults with sensitive skin conditions like eczema often see symptoms worsen significantly in high-hardness areas like Kern County.
The cumulative "hard water tax" for Bakersfield households at 12.8 GPG breaks down to approximately $200 monthly in hidden costs: $75 in extra energy consumption, $50 in soap and detergent waste, $60 in accelerated appliance depreciation, and $15 in additional cleaning products to combat mineral staining and buildup.
3. Bakersfield's Specific Contaminant Profile
Beyond the baseline challenge of 12.8 GPG hardness, Bakersfield's water profile includes iron, chlorine, nitrates, and arsenic — each interacting with the high mineral content in ways that compound problems for local homeowners. This layered contamination pattern reflects Bakersfield's position in California's Central Valley, where agricultural runoff, geological conditions, and treatment requirements create a complex water chemistry profile.
Iron in Bakersfield Water
Bakersfield's iron primarily enters the water supply through natural geological leaching from iron-bearing rock formations in the Sierra Nevada watershed. The city's water typically contains 0.2-0.4 mg/L of iron, mostly in the dissolved ferrous form that's invisible and tasteless until it oxidizes upon contact with air or chlorine.
At Bakersfield's 12.8 GPG hardness level, iron creates compounded staining problems because ferric iron particles bond with calcium deposits to form rust-colored scale that's nearly impossible to remove from fixtures and appliances. Iron concentrations above 0.3 mg/L — which Bakersfield occasionally reaches during high groundwater usage periods — can foul water softener resin beds. The EPA's secondary maximum contaminant level for iron is 0.3 mg/L, primarily for aesthetic reasons like taste and staining.
A properly configured SoftPro Elite HE can handle Bakersfield's typical iron levels, but residents in areas with higher concentrations may need an iron pre-filter upstream of the softener to prevent resin fouling and extend system life.
Chlorine in Bakersfield Water
Bakersfield adds chlorine to municipal water as a disinfectant, with concentrations typically ranging from 1.0-2.5 mg/L depending on seasonal demand and distribution distance. While chlorine effectively kills bacteria and viruses, it also accelerates the corrosion of rubber seals, gaskets, and metal components — a process that's intensified when combined with 12.8 GPG mineral deposits.
Bakersfield residents often notice stronger chlorine taste and odor during summer months when treatment plants increase dosing to combat higher bacterial loads in warmer weather. Chlorine also reacts with organic matter to form disinfection byproducts like trihalomethanes (THMs) and haloacetic acids (HAAs), which have EPA regulatory limits of 80 ppb and 60 ppb respectively.
The SoftPro Elite HE effectively removes hardness minerals but does not remove chlorine. Bakersfield homeowners seeking chlorine reduction should consider an activated carbon whole-house filter paired with their water softener for comprehensive treatment.
Nitrates in Bakersfield Water
Nitrate contamination in Bakersfield originates primarily from agricultural fertilizer runoff and livestock operations throughout Kern County. The Central Valley's intensive farming practices, combined with the region's geology, allow nitrates to seep into groundwater supplies that feed Bakersfield's municipal wells.
Bakersfield's nitrate levels typically range from 3-7 mg/L, well below the EPA's maximum contaminant level of 10 mg/L, but still present at levels that concern residents with infants or during pregnancy. It's crucial to understand that water softeners do NOT remove nitrates — they only address hardness minerals through ion exchange. Nitrate removal requires reverse osmosis, distillation, or specialized ion exchange resins.
Bakersfield residents with nitrate concerns should install a certified reverse osmosis system at their kitchen tap for drinking and cooking water, in addition to the SoftPro Elite HE for whole-house hardness treatment.
Arsenic in Bakersfield Water
Arsenic occurs naturally in Bakersfield's groundwater due to geological conditions in the Sierra Nevada foothills and Central Valley sediments. The region's arsenic levels typically measure 2-8 parts per billion (ppb), below the EPA's maximum contaminant level of 10 ppb, but still present in detectable amounts that prompt health-conscious residents to seek removal options.
Arsenic is tasteless, odorless, and invisible — making it impossible to detect without laboratory testing. Water softeners cannot remove arsenic, as the ion exchange process targets only calcium and magnesium minerals. Long-term exposure to arsenic above EPA limits has been linked to increased cancer risk and cardiovascular effects, making accurate treatment critical for affected households.
Bakersfield homeowners with arsenic concerns should install a certified reverse osmosis system for drinking water, while using the SoftPro Elite HE to address the separate issue of 12.8 GPG water hardness throughout the home.
4. Why Most Bakersfield Homeowners Pick the Wrong Softener
Walk into any big-box store in Bakersfield, and you'll find water softeners marketed for "typical" hard water — but there's nothing typical about 12.8 GPG. Most homeowners make four critical mistakes that leave them frustrated, over budget, and still dealing with scale problems months after installation.
Mistake #1: Buying on Price Alone
That $400 softener might work fine in Phoenix or Sacramento, but Bakersfield's 12.8 GPG will overwhelm an undersized system within days. Resin exhaustion happens dramatically faster at Very Hard levels — a 24,000-grain unit that regenerates weekly in a 5 GPG city will need regeneration every 2-3 days in Bakersfield. The constant cycling burns through salt, wastes water, and still allows hardness breakthrough during peak usage periods. Bakersfield residents who buy cheap learn expensive lessons about grain capacity mathematics.
Mistake #2: Confusing Softeners with Filters
"I bought a water softener to fix my iron staining problem," one Rosedale homeowner told me last month. Water softeners use ion exchange to remove calcium and magnesium — period. They don't reliably remove iron, chlorine, nitrates, or arsenic. Bakersfield residents dealing with both 12.8 GPG hardness AND iron, chlorine, nitrates, and arsenic need a strategic approach — softening for minerals, separate filtration for contaminants. Expecting one system to solve everything leads to disappointment and wasted money.
Mistake #3: Ignoring Grain Capacity Math
Here's the formula every Bakersfield homeowner should memorize: [People] × 75 gallons/day × 12.8 GPG = daily grain demand. A family of four uses 300 gallons daily, which at 12.8 GPG equals 3,840 grains of hardness removal needed every single day. Multiply by seven days, and you need 26,880 grains of capacity just for average usage — before accounting for high-usage days, guests, or seasonal variations. A 24,000-grain unit is mathematically insufficient for Bakersfield households.
Mistake #4: Overlooking Salt Efficiency
At 12.8 GPG, your softener will regenerate 2-3 times more often than systems in soft-water cities. An inefficient unit might use 12-15 pounds of salt per regeneration, while a high-efficiency model uses 6-8 pounds for the same grain capacity. Over 10 years in Bakersfield, this compounds to thousands of dollars in salt costs — money that could have bought a premium system upfront.
Homeowner Checklist: Before You Buy
- Calculate your exact grain capacity needs using Bakersfield's 12.8 GPG
- Confirm the system can handle iron levels in your specific neighborhood
- Verify salt efficiency ratings — target under 8 pounds per regeneration
- Check warranty coverage for Very Hard water applications
- Plan separate filtration for nitrates, arsenic, or chlorine removal
5. The SoftPro Elite HE: Built for Bakersfield's Water
After evaluating Bakersfield's water hardness of 12.8 GPG and the presence of iron, chlorine, nitrates, and arsenic in the local supply, one system consistently rises to the top for Bakersfield homeowners: the SoftPro Elite HE Water Softener. This isn't about brand preference — it's about matching system capabilities to Bakersfield's specific water chemistry demands.
Salt-Based Ion Exchange Resin
Salt-free systems marketed as "water conditioners" do not actually remove hardness minerals — they only attempt to change crystal structure through template-assisted crystallization. At Bakersfield's 12.8 GPG level, salt-free technology simply cannot prevent scale formation. The SoftPro Elite HE uses true cation exchange resin to physically replace calcium and magnesium ions with sodium ions — the only proven method that delivers genuinely soft water at Very Hard levels like those found throughout Kern County.
Demand-Initiated Regeneration (DIR)
At 12.8 GPG, resin beds exhaust dramatically faster than in soft-water cities — making regeneration timing absolutely critical. Timer-based systems either under-regenerate (allowing hard water breakthrough) or over-regenerate (wasting salt and water). The SoftPro's DIR technology monitors actual water usage and resin capacity, regenerating only when the bed is truly depleted. For Bakersfield households consuming 26,000+ grains of capacity weekly, this precision prevents both system failure and operational waste.
NSF/ANSI Standard 44 Certified Resin
Certification verifies that the ion exchange resin meets strict performance and materials safety standards under controlled testing conditions. For Bakersfield residents already managing iron, chlorine, nitrates, and arsenic in their water supply, knowing the softening process itself doesn't introduce additional contaminants provides essential peace of mind. Non-certified resins can leach impurities or degrade unpredictably under high-hardness stress.
Multiple Grain Capacity Options (32K, 48K, 64K, 80K)
Bakersfield's 12.8 GPG demands precise grain capacity sizing — too small and you'll regenerate every other day, too large and you'll waste salt on oversized regenerations. For a typical 4-person Bakersfield household: 4 people × 75 gallons × 12.8 GPG = 3,840 grains daily, or 26,880 grains weekly. Adding a 20% buffer for peak usage brings the requirement to 32,250 grains. The SoftPro 48K grain model provides optimal sizing with regeneration every 5-6 days — the sweet spot for efficiency and performance.
10-Year Comprehensive Warranty
At Bakersfield's 12.8 GPG hardness level, ion exchange resin experiences heavy daily mineral exchange stress that doesn't occur in soft-water regions. A 10-year warranty provides Bakersfield homeowners with protection during the period of highest hardness-related component stress. Many budget softener warranties exclude "excessive hardness" damage or limit coverage to 2-3 years — inadequate protection for Very Hard water applications.
Iron-Compatible Design
The SoftPro Elite HE is engineered to work downstream of iron-specific pre-filtration systems when Bakersfield's seasonal iron levels exceed 0.3 mg/L. The system's control valve and resin bed can handle moderate iron concentrations directly, but the design accommodates upstream iron removal when necessary — preventing the resin fouling that shortens system life in iron-affected areas of Kern County.
Self-Cleaning Sediment Pre-Filter
Before hardness minerals reach the resin tank, the SoftPro's integrated pre-filter captures particulate matter that could clog resin beds or damage control valves. This feature is particularly valuable in Bakersfield, where both sediment from aging distribution pipes and 12.8 GPG mineral content create a dual challenge for system longevity. The self-cleaning design maintains filtration performance without manual maintenance requirements.
For Bakersfield households dealing with 12.8 GPG of water hardness and the compounding presence of iron, chlorine, nitrates, and arsenic, the SoftPro Elite HE is not a comfort upgrade — it is infrastructure protection for your home.
Recommended Setup for Bakersfield Homes
- SoftPro Elite HE 48K for 3-4 person households
- SoftPro Elite HE 64K for 5-6 person households
- Iron pre-filter if your area tests above 0.3 mg/L iron
- Activated carbon post-filter for chlorine removal
- Point-of-use reverse osmosis for nitrates and arsenic at kitchen tap
6. How to Size Your Softener for Bakersfield
Proper sizing for Bakersfield's 12.8 GPG water requires precise calculations — guessing leads to either inadequate capacity or wasted salt and money. Follow this step-by-step formula to determine your exact grain capacity needs:
Step 1: Count Household Members
Include all permanent residents, including children. Guests and seasonal visitors don't count for baseline sizing.
Step 2: Calculate Daily Water Usage
Multiply household members by 75 gallons per person per day. This accounts for showers, laundry, dishwashing, and general household use.
Step 3: Apply Bakersfield's Hardness Level
Multiply daily gallons by 12.8 GPG to determine daily grain removal demand.
Step 4: Calculate Weekly Demand
Multiply daily grain demand by 7 days to establish weekly capacity requirements.
Step 5: Add Buffer for Peak Usage
Add 20% to weekly demand to account for high-usage days, laundry loads, and system efficiency.
Step 6: Match to SoftPro Grain Capacity
Select the SoftPro Elite HE model that provides adequate weekly capacity with regeneration every 5-7 days.
Example Calculation for 4-Person Bakersfield Household:
4 people × 75 gallons = 300 gallons daily
300 gallons × 12.8 GPG = 3,840 grains daily
3,840 grains × 7 days = 26,880 grains weekly
26,880 + 20% buffer = 32,256 grains needed
Recommendation: SoftPro Elite HE 48K (regenerates every 5-6 days)
For optimal salt efficiency and resin longevity in Bakersfield's Very Hard water, target regeneration every 5-7 days. More frequent regeneration wastes salt and water; less frequent regeneration risks hardness breakthrough during peak usage periods.
7. Installation in Bakersfield: What to Know
Bakersfield doesn't require special permits for residential water softener installation, but the city does mandate that any plumbing modifications be performed by licensed contractors or knowledgeable homeowners following local codes. Most Bakersfield installations take 2-4 hours depending on existing plumbing configuration and access to the main water line.
The SoftPro Elite HE must be installed after your main water shutoff valve but before your water heater — this ensures all water entering your home's distribution system is softened while maintaining the ability to bypass the system if needed. Bakersfield homes built before 1980 may require additional pipe modifications to accommodate modern softener fittings. The system needs a dedicated drain line for regeneration discharge, typically connected to a utility sink, floor drain, or standpipe.
Bakersfield's municipal water pressure typically ranges from 45-65 PSI throughout most residential areas — well within the SoftPro Elite HE's operating requirements of 25-80 PSI. Homes in hillside areas like Panorama Bluffs or Seven Oaks may experience lower pressure that requires a booster pump for optimal softener performance.
For Bakersfield's 12.8 GPG hardness level, use only high-purity evaporated salt pellets — never rock salt or solar crystals. At Very Hard levels, lower-grade salts leave excessive residue in the brine tank and can introduce iron or other impurities that foul the resin bed. Morton System Saver or Diamond Crystal Bright and Soft pellets are recommended for consistent performance in Bakersfield water conditions.
Salt consumption at 12.8 GPG runs approximately 8-10 pounds per regeneration cycle for properly sized systems. Bakersfield homeowners should check salt levels monthly and maintain at least 3-4 bags in reserve — running out of salt allows hard water throughout the home and requires system restart procedures to restore proper operation.
8. Maintenance Schedule for Bakersfield Homeowners
Bakersfield's 12.8 GPG hardness level accelerates system wear and increases maintenance requirements compared to soft-water regions. Following this schedule prevents costly repairs and ensures consistent soft water delivery throughout your home.
Monthly Tasks:
Check salt level in the brine tank — consumption is high at 12.8 GPG, typically 30-40 pounds monthly for average households. Look for salt bridges, which form when humidity causes salt to crust above the water line, blocking proper brine formation. Inspect the bypass valve to confirm it's in the "service" position — accidentally leaving it in bypass allows hard water throughout your home.
Every 3 Months:
Clean the brine tank completely, removing any accumulated salt residue or sediment that could interfere with regeneration. Test your post-softener water hardness using test strips — properly functioning systems should deliver water under 1 GPG. If hardness creeps above 1 GPG, investigate salt levels, bypass valve position, or potential resin fouling from Bakersfield's iron content.
Annual Maintenance:
Perform comprehensive brine tank cleaning with warm water and mild detergent to remove mineral deposits and prevent bacterial growth. Conduct a full resin bed performance audit — if post-softener hardness consistently measures above 1 GPG despite proper salt levels, the resin may need cleaning or replacement. Check iron levels in your neighborhood and clean resin with iron-removing solution if orange staining appears in the brine tank.
Review regeneration cycle timing and salt dosage to ensure they're still optimal for your household's current usage patterns. Bakersfield residents should order annual water test kits to monitor iron, hardness, and other parameters that affect system performance.
Every 5 Years:
Evaluate resin replacement needs — Bakersfield's 12.8 GPG hardness stresses resin beds more heavily than typical applications. High-GPG cities typically require resin replacement every 8-10 years versus 12-15 years in soft-water areas. Professional system inspection can identify worn components before they fail and leave you without soft water.
Pro Tip for Bakersfield: Establish baseline water quality readings before installation, then retest 30 days later to confirm your SoftPro Elite HE is delivering the expected performance improvements throughout your home.
30-Day Action Plan for Bakersfield Homeowners
- Week 1: Test current water hardness and identify iron levels in your specific area
- Week 2: Calculate exact grain capacity needs and research SoftPro Elite HE pricing
- Week 3: Get installation quotes from licensed plumbers familiar with Bakersfield water
- Week 4: Schedule installation and stock up on high-purity salt pellets
9. Is Bakersfield's water at 12.8 GPG dangerous to drink?
Bakersfield's 12.8 GPG hardness level is not dangerous for consumption — calcium and magnesium are essential minerals that many people supplement in their diets. The "Very Hard" classification refers to the water's potential for scale formation and appliance damage, not health risks. In fact, some studies suggest moderate mineral intake from drinking water may provide cardiovascular benefits.
10. Will a water softener remove iron, chlorine, nitrates, and arsenic from Bakersfield water?
Water softeners remove only calcium and magnesium through ion exchange — they do NOT reliably remove iron, chlorine, nitrates, or arsenic. The SoftPro Elite HE can handle Bakersfield's typical iron levels (0.2-0.4 mg/L) but won't remove chlorine taste, nitrates from agricultural runoff, or naturally occurring arsenic. These contaminants require separate filtration: activated carbon for chlorine, reverse osmosis for nitrates and arsenic.
11. How much salt will I use per month in Bakersfield at 12.8 GPG?
Bakersfield households typically consume 30-40 pounds of salt monthly at 12.8 GPG hardness levels. A properly sized SoftPro Elite HE uses approximately 8-10 pounds per regeneration, with regenerations occurring every 5-6 days for average families. This translates to $15-20 monthly in high-purity salt costs — a fraction of the money saved on soap, energy, and appliance replacement.
12. Does Bakersfield require a permit to install a water softener?
Bakersfield does not require special permits for residential water softener installation, but any plumbing modifications must comply with local building codes. Licensed plumber installation ensures code compliance and proper integration with your home's water system. DIY installation is legal but requires knowledge of local plumbing requirements and proper drain line routing for regeneration discharge.
13. Why does soft water feel slippery in the shower?
Soft water feels slippery because calcium ions no longer coat your skin and hair with mineral deposits. In Bakersfield's 12.8 GPG water, calcium creates a sticky residue that makes soap less effective and leaves skin feeling "squeaky clean" — actually mineral buildup, not cleanliness. Soft water allows soap to rinse completely, leaving skin naturally smooth and moisturized without the false "grip" of mineral deposits.
14. How quickly will I see results after installing a softener in Bakersfield?
Bakersfield homeowners notice immediate improvements in soap lathering, skin feel, and water taste within 24-48 hours of SoftPro installation. Existing scale deposits in pipes and appliances dissolve gradually over 2-6 months as soft water circulation breaks down mineral buildup. Water heater efficiency improvements become measurable within 30-60 days, while appliance longevity benefits accumulate over years of protection from further 12.8 GPG damage.
15. Can the SoftPro Elite HE handle Bakersfield's water without additional filtration?
The SoftPro Elite HE effectively addresses Bakersfield's 12.8 GPG hardness and typical iron levels, but chlorine, nitrates, and arsenic require separate treatment systems. For comprehensive water treatment, Bakersfield residents should pair the SoftPro with activated carbon filtration for chlorine removal and point-of-use reverse osmosis for nitrates and arsenic at drinking water taps. The softener provides the foundation, but complete treatment requires a multi-stage approach.
16. What happens if I use the wrong type of salt in Bakersfield?
Using rock salt or low-purity crystals in Bakersfield's Very Hard water conditions leads to brine tank residue, resin fouling, and reduced system efficiency. At 12.8 GPG, the system regenerates frequently — impurities in cheap salt accumulate quickly and can permanently damage ion exchange resin. High-purity evaporated pellets cost slightly more upfront but prevent expensive repairs and ensure consistent performance in Kern County's demanding water conditions.
17. Final Verdict for Bakersfield
Bakersfield's water hardness of 12.8 GPG demands professional-grade treatment — this is not a situation where budget compromises make financial sense. The combination of Very Hard minerals plus iron, chlorine, nitrates, and arsenic creates a water chemistry profile that overwhelms inadequate systems and rewards proper investment in proven technology.
The SoftPro Elite HE rises above other options for Bakersfield homes because of three critical advantages: demand-initiated regeneration prevents the hard water breakthrough that timer systems allow at high-GPG levels, true ion exchange resin physically removes minerals rather than attempting to "condition" them, and certified component quality withstands the accelerated wear that Very Hard water creates in lesser systems.
For Bakersfield households currently losing hundreds of dollars monthly to 12.8 GPG damage — shortened appliance life, wasted soap, climbing energy bills, and constant cleaning battles — the SoftPro Elite HE represents infrastructure protection rather than luxury spending. Check current SoftPro Elite HE pricing and available grain capacities for Bakersfield households, and consider the total cost of inaction against your home's long-term value and your family's daily quality of life.
After all, in a city where the Kern River carved the landscape over millennia, Bakersfield homeowners know that water always wins — the question is whether you'll harness it or let it slowly dissolve your investment, one mineral deposit at a time.










